What are the diseases of connective tissue

Connective tissue diseases are a class of autoimmune diseases that affect the body's connective tissue, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, and Sjögren's syndrome. These diseases have complex pathogenesis, involving multiple factors such as genetics, immunity, and environment. They have diverse clinical manifestations and are difficult to treat.

1. Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the joint synovium, leading to joint deformity and loss of function. Common treatments include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, and immunosuppressants, such as methotrexate.

2. Systemic lupus erythematosus

This is an autoimmune disease involving multiple systems, typically manifesting as facial erythema. Treatment is often with corticosteroids, such as prednisone, and biologics, such as belimumab.

3. Scleroderma

Scleroderma is characterized by hardening of the skin and involvement of internal organs. Treatment includes the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, as well as supportive care of symptoms.

4. Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis mainly manifests as muscle inflammation and characteristic skin damage. Glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine, are commonly used in treatment.

5. Sjögren’s syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome mainly invades the exocrine glands, causing symptoms such as dry mouth and dry eyes. In addition to using artificial tears to relieve symptoms, immunosuppressants can also be used to control the progression of the disease.

In summary, connective tissue diseases are a type of complex and diverse autoimmune diseases that require individualized treatment based on the patient's clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations.