What is isotonic dehydration

Isotonic dehydration refers to a pathological state in which the body loses body fluids due to various reasons, resulting in a reduction in extracellular fluid volume, but the serum sodium concentration and extracellular fluid osmotic pressure are maintained within the normal range. This state of dehydration is particularly common among surgical patients and, if not treated promptly, may have serious consequences for the patient's health.

Isotonic dehydration has various causes, mainly including the following:

1. Severe vomiting or diarrhea. Both conditions result in a massive loss of water from the body, accompanied by a loss of sodium ions, causing isotonic dehydration.

2. Surgery or trauma. Dehydration may occur due to excessive sweating or fluid loss due to blood loss during surgery.

3. Excessive use of diuretics. Diuretics will promote the excretion of water in the body. If used in excess, they will cause excessive water loss, leading to isotonic dehydration.

Symptoms of isotonic dehydration include fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, thirst, rapid heartbeat, etc. Being dehydrated for a long time may also lead to dry lips and tongue, dry skin, sunken eye sockets, etc.

When treating isotonic dehydration, the key is to promptly replenish isotonic fluids, such as balanced salt solution or isotonic saline, to restore blood volume and correct electrolyte imbalance. At the same time, drugs such as glucose sodium chloride injection, compound amino acid injection, and hydrochlorothiazide tablets may also be needed to assist treatment. During the treatment process, the patient's vital signs and electrolytes and other indicators need to be closely monitored to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment plan.

To prevent isotonic dehydration, you should maintain a reasonable diet, avoid prolonged exposure to high temperature environments, and regularly monitor body fluid balance to ensure good health.