Causes of bronchitis and asthma

Bronchitis asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Its causes are diverse and complex, and the main factors include genetics, environment, infection, allergy and airway hyperresponsiveness.

1. Genetic factors play a key role in the onset of asthma. Specific genes may affect the structure and function of the airways and increase the risk of inflammation and spasm.

2. Environmental factors should not be ignored. Harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide in air pollution can irritate the airway mucosa and cause inflammation. Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke, mold that grows in a damp living environment, and chemicals such as paint and glue in the working environment may all be triggers.

3. Infection is another important factor. Viruses such as rhinoviruses and influenza viruses, as well as toxins produced by bacterial infections, can irritate the airways and induce asthma.

4. Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal hair and dander, etc., when contacted by people with allergic constitutions, can trigger an immune response and lead to asthma symptoms.

5. Airway hyperresponsiveness is also a significant feature. Slight stimulation such as cold air, exercise or irritating odors may cause excessive airway contraction and inflammatory response.

In terms of treatment, commonly used drugs include glucocorticoids, such as budesonide suspension, leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast sodium, as well as theophylline sustained-release tablets and antihistamines. These drugs have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antiasthmatic effects and can effectively control asthma attacks.